What systems are used to effectively manage service quality in the Essay

What systems are used to effectively manage service quality in the hospitality industry Discuss and evaluate the benefits and issues that arise from a strategi - Essay Example The strategic systems available for measuring quality of service delivery involve revenue enhancement strategies, routine and in-depth staff performance evaluations and tools which are directed specifically at the firm’s clientelle. This project discusses the aforementioned strategic tools whilst also highlighting the potential positive and negative outcomes of these approaches to measuring service quality. One dimension of service quality pertaining to customer perceptions of the appropriateness of service delivery involves the functional elements of service delivery, such as the tangible methodology of practice regarding how the service was delivered (Miguel, Silva, Chiosini & Schiitzer, 2004). These delivery elements include basic concepts such as the friendliness of staff members, availability of staff, quality of food preparation, ease of check-out in the hotel environment or any other aspect which involves the facility and the service aptitudes of the industry’s internal staff (Grossman, 1999). From a different researcher perspective, these elements of service delivery are categorised as interaction quality which directly involves the customer-staff interventions and associations during the process of patronising the hospitality firm (Alexandris, Kouthouris & Meligdis, 2006). The strategic approach to measuring the quality of the aforementioned aspects of service delivery can be accomplished, in theory, in a distinct process: Assessment of customer-based revenue streams utilised comparatively to changes in service methodology to determine a correlation between frequency of customer re-visit to the facility and changes to the service delivery practices in the firm between strategic groups. As a step toward strategic revenues management, the process of obtaining the firm’s highest conceivable revenues based on the sale of the firm’s total capacity (Ng, 2006),

Ronald Reagan Essay Example for Free

Ronald Reagan Essay Ronald Reagan came from humble beginnings. He was born on February 6, 1911 in the town of Tampico, Illinois. His parents were Jack and Nelle. Jack Reagan was an unsuccessful salesman who was also known as an alcoholic. His mother, Nelle Wilson Reagon was a devout farmwoman who raised Ronald and his older brother, Neil, in the Disciples of Christ Church despite their fathers Catholicism. The family moved frequently, sometimes in response to new job opportunities, sometimes after Jack had been fired because of his drinking. In 1920 they settled in Dixon, Illinois, where Jack became the proprietor and part owner of a shoe store (Reeves 2). Ronald Reagan was an outgoing, optimistic, popular, and apparently happy youth despite the problems of his family. He was interested in sports from an early age and particularly liked football and swimming. Ronald was also nearsighted, which was later diagnosed, made baseball difficult for him. He was a hardworking and modestly successful student, with a talent for memorization (Miller Center). He was active early in school dramatics. As a teenager, he worked during summers as a lifeguard at the swimming area of the local river and put aside much of what he earned for his education (Reeves 6). Reagans youth was in many ways oddly similar to that of other provincial Americans who rose to political prominence: a boyhood in a small town, a family struggling precariously on the edges of the middle class, education in small, undistinguished schools. Huey P. Long, Harry S. Truman, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard M. Nixon, and many others had grown up in comparable circumstances. But unlike most other small-town boys who rose to political greatness, Reagan showed little early interest in politics (Brinkley). Jack Reagan, like most American Catholics of his era, was a staunch Democrat and Ronald inherited his fathers unreflective enthusiasm for the party even though, throughout the 1920s, it enjoyed little national success. He became a fervent admirer of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, an attachment that grew stronger when the New Deal agencies began providing jobs to unemployed men (among them his father) in depression-ravaged central Illinois (Miller Center). But he never became actively involved in Democratic politics in the state. He found himself drawn occasionally into campus politics at Eureka and in his senior year won election as class president. But when he graduated in 1932, with a B. A. in economics and sociology, politics and public life remained far from his thoughts. He was, he later wrote, drawn to some form of show business, an interest born in part of his experiences in the Eureka drama society (Brinkley). Following graduation, at a time when a quarter of Americans were unemployed, Reagan found work as a radio announcer, first in Davenport, Iowa, then later Des Moines. Reagan struggled at first but in time became one of the best-known sports announcers in the Midwest (Reeves 9). He also became a popular speaker before Des Moines service groups and enlisted as a reserve officer in the U. S. Cavalry so he could ride horses regularly. But he dreamed of bigger things. In 1937, Reagan went to California with the Chicago Cubs baseball team on spring training and arranged through a friend for a screen test at Warner Brothers. Warner Brothers offered Reagan a contract for $200 a week that launched his film career (Brinkley). His growing success also won him a series of deferments from military service (at the request of Warner Brothers) once the United States entered World War II, and then after he was called up and commissioned an officer in the cavalry, an assignment with an army film unit. He spent the war in California making army training movies at a military base in Los Angeles, with time off to make feature films at Warner Brothers (among them the successful 1943 tribute to the military, This Is the Army ) (D’Souza 10). Much of the time, he lived at home with his family. Despite his later claims to the contrary, he never left the country and never saw combat. But he cooperated with studio public relations efforts to portray him as a soldier, who, like other soldiers, left his family to go off to war. Feature stories described Wyman bravely carrying on, raising the children and maintaining the household while her man was away. Newsreels and magazine photos depicted Reagan coming home for leaves and visits. Reagan later sometimes seemed actually to have believed the ruse. Even decades later, he liked to talk about coming back from the war, like other veterans, eager to take up family life again (a life that in his case had hardly been interrupted) (D’Souza 11). Reagans postwar acting career never regained the momentum it had enjoyed in the early 1940s. He had some occasional successes (among them The Hasty Heart in 1949), but he found himself working more often now in minor roles or minor films. Jane Wymans career, in the meantime, was flourishing, and her absorption with it contributed to what were already growing tensions within the marriage. The couple divorced in 1948 (Reagan 4). As his career and his marriage languished, Reagan had begun to become active in politics. His first vehicle was the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), the film actors union. Reagan had been active in SAG since his first months in Hollywood, and his involvement grew with his marriage to Wyman, who was also an important figure in the organization. In 1946, he chaired a union strike committee and demonstrated an energy and a toughness that his SAG colleagues had not previously seen. In 1947, he became president of the union, a position he held for six years. Reagan still considered himself a liberal Democrat, and he used his new political distinction to campaign for Harry Truman in 1948. There was occasional talk of Reagan himself running for Congress as a Democrat, but party leaders apparently opposed the idea because they considered him too liberal (Barlietta 15-17). In reality, Reagans political views were changing more rapidly than his public activities suggested. During the war, he had harshly criticized the waste and corruption he saw in the awarding of military contracts, and his suspicion of government bureaucracies only grew in the following years. He was also now complaining frequently about taxes. He had signed a million-dollar contract with Warner Brothers in 1944, but the very high wartime tax rates (up to 90 percent in the upper brackets) greatly reduced his income. In 1950, after initially endorsing the actress Helen Gahagan Douglas for the United States Senate, he switched his support to Richard Nixon in mid-campaign. And as president of SAG, he became active in efforts to distance the union from Communist influence (driven to do so, no doubt, by the savagely anti-Communist political climate, but also by his own deep and growing aversion to Communists) (D’Souza 12). By the late 1940s, he was cooperating with the FBI and testifying before the House Committee on Un-American Activities against Communism in the union (although he was not asked to name any individual Communists). Subsequently, he cooperated with the studios as they quietly administered the notorious blacklist of alleged Communists who were to be barred from employment in the movie industry. Reagan later claimed that the effort by Hollywood Communists to take over the motion picture business, and the unwillingness of many liberals to confront them, was responsible for his political turn to the right (Brinkley). At least as responsible, however, was his marriage in 1952 to Nancy Davis, a young and largely unknown actress whom he had met at a dinner party in 1949. Davis was the daughter of a once-successful stage actress, Edith Luckett. Her natural parents separated when she was an infant, and she spent most of her childhood in the home of her mothers second husband, Loyal Davis, whose name Nancy took and whose right-wing political views she uncritically absorbed. Her familys conservatism reinforced Reagans own accelerating drift to the right (Brinkley). Reagans second marriage was a happy one. The couple lived in a comfortable home in Pacific Palisades and began to spend time at a ranch Reagan had bought near Santa Barbara. They had two children, Patricia, born in 1952, and Ronald, born in 1958. But Reagans film career was now in serious decline. Warner Brothers had not renewed his contract, and he was having difficulty finding steady work elsewhere. He was now in his mid-forties, and major stardom was coming to seem beyond his reach (Reeves 13). Over the next few years FBI agents working with the House of Un-American Activities Committee and the Hollywood Motion Picture Producers, got 320 people blacklisted from the entertainment industry. As president of the Screen Actors Guild, Reagan refused to support those actors such as Larry Parks, Joseph Bromberg, Charlie Chaplin, John Garfield, Howard Da Silva, Gale Sondergaard, Jeff Corey, John Randolph, Canada Lee, and Paul Robeson who were on this list.   Reagans support of McCarthyism enabled him to continue working in Hollywood but his films continued to appear in mediocre films such as Bedtime for Bonzo (1951), The Last Outpost (1951), The Winning Team (1952), Law and Order (1953), Cattle Queen of Montana (1954), Tennessees Partner (1955) and Hellcats in the Navy (1957). Between 1954 and 1962 Reagan also worked for General Electric as host of the companys weekly half-hour dramas for television. (Miller Center) In the 1930s and 40s Reagan had been a loyal supporter of the Democratic Party. However, he switched to the Republican Party after the war and supported Dwight Eisenhower (1952 and 1956) and Richard Nixon (1960). In 1964 that Reagan became a national political figure. (Barlietta 67) This was as a result of a televised speech in support of Barry Goldwater. It did not help Goldwater win the election (he was seen by most people in America as a dangerous, right-wing extremist). However, it did convince members of the Californian business community that here was a man with the charm to sell right-wing extremism. Reagan was approached about becoming the Republican Party candidate as Governor of California with the help of a smear campaign against Pat Brown and promises of tax cuts he won an easy victory. (Miller Center)? As governor Reagan quickly established himself as one of the countrys leading conservative political figures. This included dramatic budget cuts and a hiring freeze for state agencies. He also put up student fees and when they complained he sent state troopers to deal with their protest meetings. (D’Souza 45) Re-elected with 52 per cent of the vote in 1970, Reagan introduced a series of welfare reforms during his second term in office. This included tightening eligibility requirements for welfare aid and requiring the able to seek work rather than receiving benefits. However, the tax cuts never came, in fact, he presided over the largest tax increase any state had ever demanded in American history. Ronald Reagan won the Republican Presidential nomination in 1980 and chose as his running mate former Texas Congressman and United Nations Ambassador George Bush. Voters troubled by inflation and by the year-long confinement of Americans in Iran swept the Republican ticket into office. Reagan won 489 electoral votes to 49 for President Jimmy Carter. (Miller Center) On January 20, 1981, Reagan took office. Only 69 days later he was shot by a would-be assassin, but quickly recovered and returned to duty. His grace and wit during the dangerous incident caused his popularity to soar. (Brinkley) Dealing skillfully with Congress, Reagan obtained legislation to stimulate economic growth, curb inflation, increase employment, and strengthen national defense. He embarked upon a course of cutting taxes and Government expenditures, refusing to deviate from it when the strengthening of defense forces led to a large deficit. (Brinkley) A renewal of national self-confidence by 1984 helped Reagan and Bush win a second term with an unprecedented number of electoral votes. Their victory turned away Democratic challengers Walter F. Mondale and Geraldine Ferraro. In 1986 Reagan obtained an overhaul of the income tax code, which eliminated many deductions and exempted millions of people with low incomes. At the end of his administration, the Nation was enjoying its longest recorded period of peacetime prosperity without recession or depression. (Brinkley) In foreign policy, Reagan sought to achieve peace through strength. During his two terms he increased defense spending 35 percent, but sought to improve relations with the Soviet Union. In dramatic meetings with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, he negotiated a treaty that would eliminate intermediate-range nuclear missiles. (Brinkley) Reagan declared war against international terrorism, sending American bombers against Libya after evidence came out that Libya was involved in an attack on American soldiers in a West Berlin nightclub. By ordering naval escorts in the Persian Gulf, he maintained the free flow of oil during the Iran-Iraq war. In keeping with the Reagan Doctrine, he gave support to anti-Communist insurgencies in Central America, Asia, and Africa. D’Souza 74) After leaving office in 1989, the Reagans purchased a home in Bel Air, Los Angeles in addition to the Reagan Ranch in Santa Barbara. They regularly attended Bel Air Presbyterian Church and occasionally made appearances on behalf of the Republican Party; Reagan delivered a well-received speech at the 1992 Republican National Convention. Previously on November 4, 1991, the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library was dedicated and opened to the public. (D’Souza 111) At the dedication ceremonies, five presidents were in attendance, as well as six first ladies, marking the first time five presidents were gathered in the same location. Reagan continued publicly to speak in favor of a line-item veto; the Brady Bill; a constitutional amendment requiring a balanced budget; and the repeal of the 22nd Amendment, which prohibits anyone from serving more than two terms as president. In 1992 Reagan established the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award with the newly formed Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. His final public speech was on February 3, 1994 during a tribute to him in Washington, D. C. , and his last major public appearance was at the funeral of Richard Nixon on April 27, 1994. Brinkley) In August 1994, at the age of 83, Reagan was diagnosed with Alzheimers disease, an incurable neurological disorder which destroys brain cells and ultimately causes death. In November he informed the nation through a handwritten letter, writing in part: â€Å"I have recently been told that I am one of the millions of Americans who will be afflicted with Alzheimers Disease At the moment I feel just fine. I intend to live the remainde r of the years God gives me on this earth doing the things I have always done I now begin the journey that will lead me into the sunset of my life. I know that for America there will always be a bright dawn ahead. Thank you, my friends. May God always bless you. † (Miller Center) After his diagnosis, letters of support from well-wishers poured into his California home, but there was also speculation over how long Reagan had demonstrated symptoms of mental degeneration. In her memoirs, former CBS White House correspondent Lesley Stahl recounts her final meeting with the president, in 1986: Reagan didnt seem to know who I was. Oh, my, hes gonzo, I thought. I have to go out on the lawn tonight and tell my countrymen that the president of the United States is a doddering space cadet. But then, at the end, he regained his alertness. As she described it, I had come that close to reporting that Reagan was senile. (Miller Center) However, Dr. Lawrence K. Altman, a physician employed as a reporter for the New York Times, noted that the line between mere forgetfulness and the beginning of Alzheimers can be fuzzyand all four of Reagans White House doctors said that they saw no evidence of Alzheimers while he was president. Dr. John E. Hutton, Reagans primary physician from 1984 to 1989, said the president absolutely did not show any signs of dementia or Alzheimers. (Miller Center) Reagan did experience occasional memory lapses, though, especially with names. Once, while meeting with Japanese Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone, he repeatedly referred to Vice President Bush as Prime Minister Bush. Reagans doctors, however, note that he only began exhibiting overt symptoms of the illness in late 1992or 1993, several years after he had left office. His former Chief of Staff James Baker considered ludicrous the idea of Reagan sleeping during cabinet meetings. Other staff members, former aides, and friends said they saw no indication of Alzheimers while he was President. Barlietta 197) Complicating the picture, Reagan suffered an episode of head trauma in July 1989, five years prior to his diagnosis. After being thrown from a horse in Mexico, a subdural hematoma was found and surgically treated later in the year. Nancy Reagan asserts that her husbands 1989 fall hastened the onset of Alzheimers disease, citing what doctors told her, although acute brain injury has not been conclusively proven to accelerate Alzheimers or dementia. Reagans one-time physician Dr. Daniel Ruge has said it is possible, but not certain, that the horse ccident affected the course of Reagans memory. (Barlietta 209) Reagan died of pneumonia at his home in Bel Air, California on the afternoon of June 5, 2004. A short time after his death, Nancy Reagan released a statement saying: My family and I would like the world to know that President Ronald Reagan has died after 10 years of Alzheimers Disease at 93 years of age. We appreciate everyones prayers. (Brinkley) President George W. Bush declared June 11 a National Day of Mourning, and international tributes came in from around the world. Reagans body was taken to the Kingsley and Gates Funeral Home in Santa Monica, California later in the day, where well-wishers paid tribute by laying flowers and American flags in the grass. On June 7, his body was removed and taken to the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, where a brief family funeral was held conducted by Pastor Michael Wenning. His body lay in repose in the Library lobby until June 9; over 100,000 people viewed the coffin. (Miller Center) On June 9, Reagans body was flown to Washington, D. C. where he became the tenth United States president to lie in state; in thirty-four hours, 104,684 people filed past the coffin. On June 11, a state funeral was conducted in the Washington National Cathedral, and presided over by President George W. Bush. Eulogies were given by former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, and both Presidents Bush. Also in attendance were Mikhail Gorbachev, and many world leaders, including British Prime Minister Tony Blair, German Chancellor Gerhard Schroder, Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, and interim presidents Hamid Karzai of Afghanistan, and Ghazi al-Yawer of Iraq. Brinkley) After the funeral, the Reagan entourage was flown back to the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in California, where another service was held, and President Reagan was interred. (Brinkley) At the time of his death, Reagan was the longest-lived president in U. S. history, having lived 93 years and 120 days (2 years, 8 months, and 23 days longer than John Adams, whose record he surpassed). He is now the second longest-lived president, just 45 days fewer than Gerald Ford. He was the first United States president to die in the 21st century, and his was the first state funeral in the United States since that of President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1973. (Miller Center) His burial site is inscribed with the words he delivered at the opening of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library: I know in my heart that man is good, that what is right will always eventually triumph and that there is purpose and worth to each and every life.

deviance :: essays research papers

SUMMARY OF DEVIANCE In the eighth chapter of â€Å"Sociology†, I. Robertson explains that there are many definitions about deviance but not enough, so he tries to find closer one and clarify the deviance. He starts with a question which is â€Å"who is deviant?† and lists of its answers.In the list of its answers, Robertson benefits from Simons` study and he says that; â€Å"the words refer to people and acts that other people strongly disapprove of †(23).On the other hand, Robertson then counters it with conflicting topic of sociological literature.He claims that the concept of this definition is found slippery one by sociologists.After this idea,Robertson questions second definition which is â€Å"dviance is any behavior that doesn`t conform to social norms†(24).However, Robertson judges this definiton as not helpful.He exemplifies that eating three meals in a day can be deviant behavior for some unimportant social norms.Therefore, Robertson argues that minor deviations are n`t included in the particular sociological interest.He claims that the main idea of sociological interest is about violations which are regarded as offensive by majority of people. And he says that one word is stigma – a bad reputation or disapproving by a lot of people. After this analysis, he benefits from second definition and improves it, so he finally declares a definition, which is â€Å"deviance refers to behavior or characteristics that violate significant social norms and expectations and are negatively valued by large numbers of people as a result†(24). He emphasizes that this definition clarifies deviance more than others. He continues with clarification of deviance by helping of main three points. Firstly, he claims that there is no close relationship between deviance and statistical rarity. He exemplifies that jogging before the breakfast can be unusual statistically but not a reason for deviance. However, Robertson then states that some norms can be modified or abandoned time to time. He makes clear it with an example that premarital sex was prohibited in American society several years ago. However, nowadays the majority of American society admits this event normally. As a result, Robertson declares firmly that norms can lose their force or influence as time passes. Secondly, Robertson argues about division of â€Å"normals† and â€Å"deviants†. He explains briefly that there is no class between normals and deviants. He illustrates that if we divide people as thieves, patients (mental disordered) or drug users, we will have a few â€Å"normal† people. In addition to them, Robert son says, â€Å"deviance is relative†(25).

oTHELLO :: essays research papers

Othello Essay In Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello†, the role of women is deeply emphasized; the significant characters of the play Othello, Iago, and Casio, each have a lady that stands behind him. These women each have commitment to remain faithful and respect their husband's needs, especially Desdemona and Emilia. Desdemona is the victim of this play; Shakespeare portrays her as the loyal wife even up to her death. Throughout the story, Desdemona appears to live for her husband. Desdemona's one goal in life is to please her husband. Emilia represents another aspect of female strength, less logical character, which relies on her sense of instinct. She understands her role as a wife (act 4, scene 3) Emilia is talking to Desdemona about husbands. " Yet we have some revenge. Let husbands know Their wives have sense like them. They see, and smell, and have their palates both for sweet and sour, As husbands have. What is it they do When they change us for others? Is it sport? I think it is. And doth affection breed it? I think it doth. Is't fraility that thus errs? It is so too. And have not we affections, Desires for sport, and frailty, as men have?"(page 217 line 104-113). Emilia and her husband Iago have different affiliation than Desdemona and Othello. Desdemona and Othello truly love each other, while Emilia, having no common sense of hatred towards Othello, has never actually loved Iago. She educate Desdemona, she is ignorant of Iago's evil nature and is also unsuspecting of his plot against Othello. Bianca appears to have a very insignificant role in the play, yet she as a major role in the death of Desdemona. Bianca’s relationship with Cassio, seems as though Bianca really wanted to have a relationship with him, (scene 3, act 4).

Reparations: African Americans Justice Essay

The United States government should pay reparations to African Americans as a means of admitting their wrong-doing and making amends. The damages African Americans have sustained from White America’s policy of slavery have been agonizing and inhumane. Therefore, I am in favor of reparations for African Americans. The effect of slavery has been an enduring issue within the African American community. Many of us are cognizant of the harm racism brought to the African American race, conveyed through slavery, racial segregation and discrimination. African Americans suffered many atrocities, but the greatest damage done to them was the destruction of they’re original identity. African Americans no longer have a native language or any African customs to connect them to Africa. Today, African Americans are connected together because they all share a common foundation-the horrendous experience of slavery-and the great effort to conquer its lingering result. (www. AcedemicLibrary. com) Americans should realize the magnitude of slavery’s consequences on African Americans as a whole. Blacks were brainwashed and stripped of self-esteem and taught to be ashamed of dark color of their skin. Many African Americans have effortlessly tried to advocate â€Å"Black Pride†, trying to re-instill self-worth and being proud of our distinct facial and body features, and darker complexions. African Americans had zilch to begin with after the abolishment of slavery in 1865. Slaves were promised a â€Å"mule/ and 40 acres† and they didn’t live to receive it nor did generations to follow; because the American government has yet to live up to its word. The fruit of the slaves’ labor was stolen from the â€Å"land of the free†. The victims of the White people’s African slave trade never experienced such freedom. This race deserves compensation for the mistreatment Pongee Bryant it has suffered and continues to endure. Paying reparations to the descendants of African American slaves would bring about a tremendous improvement for the advancement of Black America. (Douglass, Fredrick, 1845, Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass). White Americans have profited from education, life experiences, riches that were handed down by their ancestors. As well, African Americans have been handed down the hardship of race-related issues, poverty, and the unknown history of their past. African Americans have constantly been inflicted with the social status of their low-income level in contrast with that of White Americans. America should be ashamed for their mistreatment of a race that did not ask or even desire to reside in this country. Yet, they still wear their ugly face of racism, and discrimination, and only seek to segregate African Americans, as if they were at fault. Americans may argue Blacks shouldn’t be complaining, whining, and to pull themselves up by their boot straps. Well, Martin Luther King once said â€Å"White America wants us to pull ourselves up from our boot straps, but we don’t have any boots†. (Shuttlesworth, Fred, 1999, A Fire You Can’t Put Out). The U. S. government has a moral responsibility to this race of people to compensate, African American’s because they were denied their heritage, religion, family, and culture. America alleges it is a religious-based country and their faith resides in God. The bible says: â€Å"If a man steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it; he shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep. † This country consistently contradicts itself in the way it wants to be perceived. If America has any belief in God, they should feel an obligation to compensate the African American descendants of slave ancestors. (Exodus 22, Bible). Pongee Bryant White Americans may argue that the country did enough when it passed the Civil Rights Act in 1960. They may also state America has enough resources and equal opportunity for each individual of every race to succeed. However, there is a huge wealth gap in social status among blacks and whites mostly because of oppression, discrimination and racism toward the modern day contemporary black. Whether anybody wants to admit it, there is still a glass ceiling (i. e. ,a status barrier) against African Americans. Reparations would bring African Americans justice and economic power in this country. There are numerous black reparation organizations which could receive the money and distribute it evenly among African Americans, to incorporate black-owned businesses, home ownership, and better education selective for young and old blacks. These reparation organizations could also invest money into smaller black-owned businesses, and other industries that would further the African American race, and ensure a rapid growth of African American middle-class and beyond. (Robert J. Brym/ John Lie, Sociology) The exploitation of African Americans in this country took on many forms through decades. The centuries of slavery in this country laid the foundation of our current relationship to America. From cotton fields to building America’s most significant buildings African Americans have helped build the wealth in this country. Yet, the African American race has endured the most terrorism from the Ku Klux Klan, lynchings, plantation jails, police torture and murder, and poverty. Slavery was a crime against humanity; and it still is in existence in many other ways and forms. America has created a system with, voter discrimination, drugs, and drug sentences to keep the African Pongee Bryant American man enslaved. The government should compensate the African American race and put an end to a never-ending oppression cycle. The government of the United States of America was instrumental in having pressured the German and Japanese governments into the payments of reparations to the people who suffered and survived the crimes and legacy of slavery endured during World War II. The government of the United States has also already paid reparations to the Japanese-Americans who were detained in concentration camps during World War II. America calls herself a fair nation: a civilized country which respects civil and human rights, encourages opportunity for and well-being of all her people, and can be trusted by other nations as a county whom honors her word. Well, America promised African Americans 40 acres and a mule and didn’t live up to her promise. America’s attitude and silence on reparations reeks of hypocrisy. (X, Malcolm, Biography of Malcolm X). America should also pay reparations to African Americans because they consistently want us to labor for their work and take all the credit. For instance America is at fault for African American dead and injured men who served and were drafted in the Vietnam War. America put young black men on the front-line of a war they had nothing to do with nor helped contribute to. America wanted a race that was not yet â€Å"capable† of voting but was competent enough to fight in a war. A race that did not have the option of drinking from any fountain, sitting anywhere on a bus, using any bathroom, however we were fit for fighting. The point is America constantly benefits from African Americans, but refuses to compensate African Americans for their contributions to this country. (www. AcedemicLibrary. com).

Middle Ages Report essays

Middle Ages Report essays What are the Middle Ages? Do you know the answer to that question? Or do you think you know the answer? The Middle Ages were a time of knights, kings, and castles basically your average fairytale. But the Middle Ages were not fun all the time. There was the Black Death, the bounding church and the life as a serf. I bet you dont even know what a serf is. Well Im going to tell you all about the Middle Ages. After the Roman Empire fell in c. 500 AD, Europe entered a new era of history. This era was called the Middle Ages. After the fall of Rome, the people left behind many useful things. Such as roads, Language (Latin), and a growing religion (Christianity). Sadly though they also left a crumbling economy, and when the economy fell so did trade. Thus started a form of stereo typing... Feudalism. Feudalism is just another word for social classes. The reason I use the word stereotyping is because in the Roman Empire mostly people were treated equally but in the Middle Ages things changed. There became ranks or groups depending on your wealth and power. Kings, Nobles (Lords), Nights, Vassals and Serfs. Only Nobles, Kings and Nights could own fiefs. These fiefs contained a Manor (very big house), small village (usually filled with serfs), Mill (to grind the wheat and such to make bread and other useful things) and a church (to pray and help the poor (at times)). The king would have the lords in his realm to use their armies. The lords would have the vassals to do things in which they felt they didnt have to do. The vassals would be given fiefs from the lords in whom they honored or pleased. Each fief would have a small town with serfs living in it. The serfs were poor and all their money and possessions belonged to the vassals that owned the land. Workers or serfs were bound t o there manors and could not leave without permission from there Lord (Noble). They actually had little more freedom them slaves. But unlike sla...

The History and Domestication of Bananas

The History and Domestication of Bananas Bananas (Musa spp) are a tropical crop, and a staple in the wet tropic areas of Africa, the Americas, mainland and island Southeast Asia, South Asia, Melanesia and the Pacific islands. Perhaps 87% of the total bananas consumed worldwide today are locally consumed; the rest is distributed outside of the wet tropical regions in which they are grown. Today there are hundreds of fully domesticated banana varieties, and an uncertain number are still in various stages of domestication: that is to say, they still are inter-fertile with wild populations. Bananas are basically giant herbs, rather than trees, and there are approximately 50 species in the Musa genus, which includes the edible forms of bananas and plantains. The genus is split into four or five sections, based on the number of chromosomes in the plant, and the region where they are found. Furthermore, over a thousand different types of cultivars of bananas and plantains are recognized today. The different varieties are characterized by wide differences in peel color and thickness, flavor, fruit size, and resistance to disease. The bright yellow one found most frequently in western markets is called the Cavendish. Cultivating Bananas Bananas produce vegetative suckers at the base of the plant which can be removed and planted separately. Bananas are planted at a typical density of between 1500-2500 plants per square hectare. Between 9-14 months after planting, each plant produces some 20-40 kilograms of fruit. After the harvest, the plant is cut down, and one sucker is allowed to grow up to produce the next crop. Banana Phytoliths The evolution of bananas are difficult to study archaeologically, and so the domestication history was unknowable until recently. Banana pollen, seeds, and pseudostem impressions are quite rare or absent at archaeological sites, and much of the recent research has been focused on the relatively new technologies associated with opal phytoliths- basically silicon copies of cells created by the plant itself. Banana phytoliths are uniquely shaped: they are volcaniform, shaped like little volcanoes with a flat crater at the top. There are differences in the phytoliths between varieties of bananas, but variations between wild and domesticated versions are not as yet definitive, so additional forms of research need to be used to fully understand banana domestication. Genetics and Linguistics Genetics and linguistic studies also help in understanding banana history. Diploid and triploid forms of bananas have been identified, and their distribution throughout the world is a key piece of evidence. In addition, linguistic studies of local terms for bananas support the notion of the spread of the banana away from its point of origin: island southeast Asia. Exploitation of early wild forms of bananas has been noted at the Beli-Lena site of Sri Lanka by c 11,500-13,500 BP, Gua Chwawas in Malaysia by 10,700 BP, and Poyang Lake, China by 11,500 BP. Kuk Swamp, in Papua New Guinea, so far the earliest unequivocal evidence for banana cultivation, had wild bananas there throughout the Holocene, and banana phytoliths are associated with the earliest human occupations at Kuk Swamp, between ~10,220-9910 cal BP. Todays Hybridized Bananas Bananas have been cultivated and hybridized a number of times over several thousand years, so well concentrate on the original domestication, and leave the hybridization to botanists. All edible bananas today are hybridized from  Musa acuminata  (diploid) or  M. acuminata  crossed with  M. balbisiana  (triploid). Today,  M. acuminata  is found throughout mainland and island southeast Asia including the eastern half of the Indian subcontinent;  M. balbisiana  is mostly found in mainland Southeast Asia. Genetic changes from  M. acuminata  created by the domestication process include the suppression of seeds and the development of parthenocarpy: the ability of humans to create a new crop without the need for fertilization. Bananas Across the World Archaeological evidence from the  Kuk Swamp  of the highlands of New Guinea indicates that bananas were deliberately planted by at least as long ago as 5000-4490 BC (6950-6440 cal BP). Additional evidence indicates that  Musa acuminata  ssp  banksii  F. Muell was dispersed out of New Guinea and introduced into eastern Africa by ~3000 BC (Munsa and Nkang), and into South Asia (the Harappan site of Kot Diji) by 2500 cal BC, and probably earlier. The earliest banana evidence found in Africa is from  Munsa, a site in Uganda dated to 3220 cal BC, although there are problems with the stratigraphy and chronology. The earliest well-supported evidence is at Nkang, a site located in southern Cameroon, which contained banana phytoliths dated between 2,750 to 2,100 BP. Like  coconuts, bananas were most widely spread as a result of the sea exploration of the Pacific by Lapita peoples ca 3000 BP, of extensive trade voyages throughout the Indian Ocean by Arab traders, and of exploration of the Americas by Europeans. Sources Ball T, Vrydaghs L, Van Den Hauwe I, Manwaring J, and De Langhe E. 2006.  Differentiating banana phytoliths: wild and edible Musa acuminata and Musa Journal of Archaeological Science 33(9):1228-1236.balbisiana.   De Langhe E, Vrydaghs L, de Maret P, Perrier X, and Denham T. 2009. Why Bananas Matter: An introduction to the history of banana domestication.  Ethnobotany Research Applications  7:165-177. Open Access Denham T, Fullagar R, and Head L. 2009.  Plant exploitation on Sahul: From   Quaternary International  202(1-2):29-40.colonisation to the emergence of regional specialisation during the Holocene. Denham TP, Harberle SG, Lentfer C, Fullagar R, Field J, Therin M, Porch N, and Winsborough B. 2003.  Origins of Agriculture at Kuk Swamp in the Highlands of New Guinea.  Science  301(5630):189-193. Donohue M, and Denham T. 2009.  Banana (Musa spp.) Domestication in the Asia-Pacific Region: Linguistic and archaeobotanical perspectives.  Ethnobotany Research Applications  7:293-332. Open Access Heslop-Harrison JS, and Schwarzacher T. 2007.  Domestication, Genomics and the Future for Banana.  Annals of Botany  100(5):1073-1084. Lejju BJ, Robertshaw P, and Taylor D. 2006.  Africas earliest bananas?  Journal of Archaeological Science  33(1):102-113. Pearsall DM. 2008.  Plant . In: Pearsall DM, editor.  Encyclopedia of Archaeology. London: Elsevier Inc. p 1822-1842.domestication Perrier X, De Langhe E, Donohue M, Lentfer C, Vrydaghs L, Bakry F, Carreel F, Hippolyte I, Horry J-P, Jenny C et al. 2011.  Multidisciplinary perspectives on banana (Musa spp.) domestication.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  Early Edition.

Civilized Society in Things Fall Apart Essays

Civilized Society in Things Fall Apart Essays Civilized Society in Things Fall Apart Paper Civilized Society in Things Fall Apart Paper Essay Topic: The God Of Small Things Things Fall apart Things Fall Apart: Civilized Society To be civilized is to have structure. A civilized society is one that has rules, consequences, and some level of mutual understanding between the people and (some level of) authority figure that says this needs to be done in order to be a part of said society. Which brings about the notion that yes, the Ibo culture depicted in Things Fall Apart, is a civilized society. Though proving problematic at times, the society is civilized based on the fact that they have rules and consequence, levels of authority, and agreed upon societal norms. The society in question has a key element to this idea of â€Å"civilized† which is possessing rules, and consequences for breaking those rules. Chinua Achebe, author of Things Fall Apart waste no time revealing this. In chapter 4 Okonkwo breaks the week of peace by beating his youngest wife. The week of peace is sacred in Ibo culture and during this time you are supposed to live in peace with your people. Okonkwo did not do this and was reprimanded by Ezeani, the priest of the earth goddess.He was told to â€Å"() bring to the shrine of Ani tomorrow one goat, one hen, a length of cloth, and a hundred cowries.† (pg.31) he had to sacrifice for what he had done. This is just one of many consequences we see throughout the book. The most prominent of them was Okonkwo’s being exiled for 7 long years for a crime he accidently killing a boy. In some eyes the consequences to actions are not just or fit for the crime however they do exist and people do as they are told. The Ibo, like many societies, have levels of authority. The chief of these is God himself but it is believed it is the smaller gods job to his work here on earth. Then there are the â€Å"mouths† of these gods such as Ezeani for the Earth Goddess (Ani) and Chielo, the priestess of Agbala. They speak the will of their gods. Lastly there are the elders in the land. These are men of age dignity and honor who have achieved high/many titles. They

Race and The Death Penalty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Race and The Death Penalty - Research Paper Example Now, in United States of America death penalty of color is a predominant phenomenon. In this country, the blacks in the death row are very high in number. the In the recent years the Supreme court of the United States also rejected the application of statistical studies that claim bias of race as the prime reason for the purpose of overturning the death sentence (The death penalty is applied unfairly and should not be used: Disagree). 1.2. Relevant statistics Color of defendant and the skin color of the defendant are crucial factors in the death penalty of the Americans. Since the year 1976, the people with variations in skin color accounts for around 43% of the total executions. Still 55 % of the executions are waiting. The jurisdictions in which there are highest percentages of death penalty are US military which is â€Å"86%, Colorado which is 80%, US government which is 77%, Louisiana which is 72% and in Pennsylvania which is 70%† (Race and the Death Penalty). It has been found that white victims have accounted for around one half of all the victims of murder where around 80% of all the capital cases included people of white skin. In October, 2002 â€Å"around 12 people have been executed where the defendant was white and the victim of murder was black† (Race and the Death Penalty, 2003). Around 178 defendants convicted for murder were black along with white victims. In the month of January 2003, researchers in the university of Maryland governor revealed that the defendants who killed white persons were prone to death sentences. In August 2001, the supreme court of New Jersey released that they were more likely for proceeding against the defendants killing the white victims. In the month of April 2001, a group of researchers from the University of North Carolina published a study of all the homicide cases in North Carolina in the time frame of 1993 to 1997 (Race and the Death Penalty). From the figures of US department of Justice the figures reveal that from the period of 2001 to 2006 around 48 percent of defendants in the cases where death penalty were sought were of the African American origin (Does a person's race affect the likelihood of him/her receiving the death penalty?). 2. Reasons for disproportionate death penalty 2.1 Domination of white in the criminal justice system The criminal justice system of America and its internal mechanics is vehemently controlled as well as dominated by the white people. The death penalty can be symbolized as a control of the white over the blacks. The black males who flaunt a threatening and defiant persona are viewed as subjects of death sentences provided by the middle aged white male prosecutors (Does a person's race affect the likelihood of him/her receiving the death penalty?). But we will highlight our focus to a different trajectory which will yield a bit surprising results. 2.2 Blacks commit more crime American civil rights activists and Baptist minister Sir Jesse Jackson states that in Alabama (a state of United States of America), the African Americans form 25% of the total population of America and of Alabama’s 117 death row inmates, around 43% of them are of black origin. Although it highlights that the African American are more prone towards death row but one of the reasons is also that the

Co-education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Co-education - Essay Example There are several arguments in favour of co-education. It is believed that studying in a co-educational set up holds value in allowing students to interact with the opposite sex from an early age, so that when they enter university life, and subsequently, their workplaces, they do not feel out of their comfort zones when asked to work alongside the opposite sex. In this way, sharing classes and studying with the opposite sex from an earlier age or stage in their education could prepare them in their dealings with everyone in their professional future. This is done by breaking down communication barriers, enhancing the way male and female pupils can speak to each other and discuss issues as equals, and all in all, this allows the elimination of the thought that the inherent differences between the two sexes should, for whatever reason, deter their working alongside each other. Therefore, in coeducational schools, when groups have to be formed and projects and presentations are done, a mixed group allows students to learn from and understand the opposite sex, all the while getting work done in a productive manner and breaking down the fence of shyness and building confidence. Another value that co-education has is the mutual benefit that boys and girls can derive from each other. Science has shown that boys and girls have different skills and aptitude, and putting them up for display in the same platform, or in this case, classroom will allow them to learn from each other and hone the skills that, perhaps, do not come naturally to them. It is known, for example, that male students have a better aptitude for sports, or mathematics and physics, whereas female students perform better in art, biology, and languages. Recognizing these differences in strengths and talents, one can safely say that there is ample opportunity for a

Why are some nations rich & others poor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Why are some nations rich & others poor - Essay Example Therefore, new explanations for the success of one nation over another are still forthcoming. Jared Diamond and David S. Landes are two gentlemen offering different explanations for the unequal distribution of wealth around the globe. Jared Diamond is a historical geographer. As such, he offers an explanation for this unequal distribution of wealth that focuses on such realities as the availability of key natural resources. Specifically, he states: †¦the differences between human societies on different continents seems to me to be attributable to differences among continental environments, and not to biological differences among peoples themselves. In particular, the availability of wild plant and animal species suitable for domestication†¦contributed decisively to the varying rates of rise of agriculture and herding, which in turn contributed decisively to the rise of human population numbers, population densities, and food surpluses, which in turn contributed decisively to the development of epidemic infectious diseases, writing, technology and political organization (6). Through the course of his essay, Jared Diamond argues persuasively that this unbroken chain of bioregional realities is what determines the wealth of a group of people. He offers many examples for each of these determinants, or as he calls them, "proximate reasons" as to why the wealthiest and most powerful on earth are located where they are. Diamond structures his argument as if each "proximate reason" were a link in a chain. The first link in the chain is the domestication of plants and animals. This occurrence resulted in a food surplus that opened the many facets of what we call civilization today. According to Diamond, the geographic structure of the continents had much to do with the creation of this food surplus. He argues that domestication was more successful and widespread in Eurasia and North America

If a man has the means to feed himself and protect himself he is free Essay

If a man has the means to feed himself and protect himself he is free. In your opinion, to what extent is this statement relevant for the 21st century - Essay Example The objective of this essay is to analyze the relevance of this statement n the 21st century. Considering the ethics of the discussed statement, it must have relevance at given time. The ideology of freedom suggested here is non-competitive and sharing in nature. However, in the globalised 21st century, where freedom is defined in terms of economic and social competence and people compete with each other for materialistic achievements, food and protection won’t satisfy the needs of men. Hillary Rodhan Clinton, The Secretary of States has stated three essential elements of a free nation which includes a â€Å"representative government, a well-functioning market, and civil society† (Clinton, 2011). Taking this policy of the government into account, it can be assumed that the discussed statement is not given importance in today’s market driven society. However, further analysis of the current policies will reveal that the materialistic objectives ultimately lead to the basic need of food and protection for men. For example, a representative government, func tioning market, and civil society are all indicators of a food secure and protected society. Ironically, the process of achieving the materialistic objectives, most times results in denying the larger objective of food and protection for fellowmen. Bradley J. Birzer , The Commonwealth Men and the American Revolution, Thursday, June 30, 2011, The Imaginative Conservative, Retrieved on 26 September 2011,

The Life of Mary Jemison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Life of Mary Jemison - Essay Example decades before and after the American Revolution; many captives, once adopted and integrated into an Indian community, refused the opportunity to return home, finding life in Indian society more rewarding. In 1823 Mary Jemison related her life story to James Seaver, a doctor who lived near her home in western New York. Seaver’s story of â€Å"the white woman of the Genessee,† as she became known, sold over 100,000 copies in 1824† (Captured By Indians: Mary Jemison Becomes an Indian). This paper briefly explains opinions of Mary Jemison about native American culture and relationship between Native Americans and Anglo-Americans in the eighteenth century based on the autobiography of Mary Jemison written by James Seaver. In family and society, Native Americans projected themselves as one of the most civilized community. But in the battlefield they never behaved like that. In fact they were so cruel in the battlefield that they never exhibit any humanitarian methods while fighting with others. Native Americans was loved their beloved ones deeply, but they never shown any sympathy or mercy towards other communities. In fact they were so cruel and their brutality was so severe that they never hesitated in kidnapping and killing of innocent people from other communities. Mary’s complete family has been brutally assassinated by the Native American tribes, The Indians, which forced Mary to describe them as brutal and uncivilized tribes The Native American culture during 18 th and 19 th centuries were not much civilized. Even though, her family members were killed by the Indians (Native Americans); the Indians have shown some mercy towards her and adopted her to the Native Indian community even though she was a white female. Mary has realized that even though the Indians are so cruel in the battlefield, they were not so in the family after staying together with them for a longer period. It was the duty of the men to protect the villages and homesteads as per the

If a man has the means to feed himself and protect himself he is free Essay

If a man has the means to feed himself and protect himself he is free. In your opinion, to what extent is this statement relevant for the 21st century - Essay Example The objective of this essay is to analyze the relevance of this statement n the 21st century. Considering the ethics of the discussed statement, it must have relevance at given time. The ideology of freedom suggested here is non-competitive and sharing in nature. However, in the globalised 21st century, where freedom is defined in terms of economic and social competence and people compete with each other for materialistic achievements, food and protection won’t satisfy the needs of men. Hillary Rodhan Clinton, The Secretary of States has stated three essential elements of a free nation which includes a â€Å"representative government, a well-functioning market, and civil society† (Clinton, 2011). Taking this policy of the government into account, it can be assumed that the discussed statement is not given importance in today’s market driven society. However, further analysis of the current policies will reveal that the materialistic objectives ultimately lead to the basic need of food and protection for men. For example, a representative government, func tioning market, and civil society are all indicators of a food secure and protected society. Ironically, the process of achieving the materialistic objectives, most times results in denying the larger objective of food and protection for fellowmen. Bradley J. Birzer , The Commonwealth Men and the American Revolution, Thursday, June 30, 2011, The Imaginative Conservative, Retrieved on 26 September 2011,

Research Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Research Design - Essay Example This research aims to evaluate and present respondents were asked as to estimate the WTP figures. The questions, which involved the willingness to pay (WTP), considered both the environmental and economic factors like the acceptability of WTP and the refusal of proposal both cannot be considered in the similar manner and for what the refusal stand for. Similarly, willingness to pay is sometimes regarded as the willingness to accept. Sometimes, WTP estimates weather the respondent wills to pay or just responds for the moral satisfaction, how the policy-making procedure utilized the benefit estimation. Before each question it gives an information about the question and the relative taxes and costs that will apply. In this way, the respondents and the interviewer maintain an atmosphere of confidence and reliability. Political views of freedom to ask and freedom to say are well adopted in the research paper. Most of the questions are answered in a more reasonable manner and respondent ha ve tried their best to answer as many question and bid as more as possible but in the other paper, respondents avoided some of the questions and responded some of the questions in an unsatisfactory manner. The utilization of multiples as double the current amount, three times the current amount, four times the current value or one thousand times the current amount made the research more cost efficient as it could be without the utilization of multiple values.... The questionnaire is such designed to provide an information to the respondents in both the papers but the method of interaction utilized in the paper â€Å"Benefits of Costs and Wildlife Enhancement Scheme: A Case Study of the Pevensey Levels† written by â€Å"K. G. Willis† are not much influencing. The article â€Å"I struggled with this money business†: respondents’ perspectives on contingent valuation† written by Judy Clark, Jacquelin Burgess and Carolyn M. Harrison’ utilizes the better interaction and information sharing methods. Before each question it gives an information about the question and the relative taxes and costs that will apply. In this way, the respondents and the interviewer maintain an atmosphere of confidence and reliability (Petterson &Williams 2005). Political views of freedom to ask and freedom to say are well adopted in the research paper. Most of the questions are answered in a more reasonable manner and respondent h ave tried their best to answer as many question and bid as more as possible but in the other paper, respondents avoided some of the questions and responded some of the questions in an unsatisfactory manner. The utilization of multiples as double the current amount, three times the current amount, four times the current value or one thousand times the current amount made the research more cost efficient as it could be without the utilization of multiple values. These questions have still indefinite and unsatisfactory answers; however, the satisfactory results can be achieved by utilizing a better questionnaire design. A well-researched method can resolve the problem associated with the WTP and CV

Career Apparel and Uniform Essay Example for Free

Career Apparel and Uniform Essay Career and Uniform apparel becomes a necessity for many Americans in the work place. Now a days, many people characterize or stereotype curtain job positions base on what people wear. For example, a police officer, a security, and an army solger can not be able to distinguish without their uniform. In contrast, people that works in the corporation word they do not have to wear uniform, to distinguish them from others. However, professionals have to followed a dress code guide line. This guideline helps the professional to a good first impression in the workforce. For this assignments, I interviewed two gentleman’s that uses career apparel as well as uniform. Sammy haddad, which job is internal auditor for KPMG, and Mickey Walker, which jobs is a police officer in Seagoville Tx. Whether career apparel or uniform, each of my interviewers is has their personal opinion about their type of apparel that they have to wear during work hours. Sammy haddad, auditor for KPMG, has to wear business causal clothe almost every day. His dress code is a collar shirt with long sleeves tuck in with dress slacks. However, there are some days that Sammy has to meet with clients for business meetings and his company requires him to wear suits. Sammy’s personal opinion is that he hates wear suits, especially in Texas because sometimes his meetings are far from his offices. On the hand, mickey walker the police officer found his uniform very practical and utilitarian for the performance of his job. However his does not like how thick is the fabric and uncountable to wear during summer time. Without any questions, to be able to wear career apparel the professional needs to have a budget to be able to afford the career apparel. For example, Sammy’s annual income is $75.000 and he purchase his own wardrobe. Every year, Sammy’s buys three dress shits and two dress pants at brooks brothers, he purchase a suit every tree years and for the rest of the year he purchase items on sale at banana republic. In contrast, Mickey’s annual income is 52.00 a year. His department pays for two uniforms every tree years and if he needs other uniforms he has to purchase it with his own money. Over all, career apparel and uniforms has a propose in their own work classification. In Sammy haddads case, the career apparel a most, because it gives him cre dibility, authority, professionalism and is good for the work environmental during work and after work hours. The only thing that he dislike about the dress code is that he has to pay the cleaners services. The other perspective is Mickey’s, he likes his uniform just because it gives him authority, and it distinguish him from other in case of emergency. Finally, career apparel and uniform are necessary for cretin’s jobs. Both of the jobs requires the professional to dress in a matter that shows the valued for their work position and sometime incase of emergencies it helps the people to distinguish the authority.

The Importance Of Liquidity For Commercial Banks Finance Essay

The Importance Of Liquidity For Commercial Banks Finance Essay 1.Explain the importance of liquidity for commercial banks and identify the main sources of liquidity in a typical commercial banks balance sheet. 3 2.Outline the reasons why, as a matter of monetary policy, central banks control liquidity in the banking system. 4 3.Describe briefly the method(s) used by central banks to control liquidity in the banking system. 5 References 6 Explain the importance of liquidity for commercial banks and identify the main sources of liquidity in a typical commercial banks balance sheet. Banks are considered to be as safe deposit for customers associated with them for both short and long term basis. It has increased liability over banks to make sure that they are able to fulfill all the demands of the customers. Also the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act has reduced the dependency that commercial banks used to possess over Federal Reserves to make sure that their needs are sufficed in case some emergency arrives. Thus to maintain certain level of stake in the company, it is mandatory for commercial banks to retain appropriate liquidity ratios such that any ambiguous situation could be avoided. If any disturbance is encountered in these ratios, there is a problem of funding that comes into picture and hampers banks credibility among its stakeholders. Liquidity control is also necessary for proper structuring of the bank along with looking after all the complexities related to the size and related measures. Thus commercial banks adopt controlling me asures for liquidity risk in a highly comprehensive fashion. (Liquidity) Some of the sources of liquidity associated with commercial banks are, Deposits in other banks on demand basis Marketable debt securities over a qualitative basis Commitment made with other banks over provision of credit As liquidity is a critical issue for commercial banks, thus in most of the cases they tend to follow a reliable source of liquidity that will help in retaining their ratios to the required limit and make sure that low cost sources of liquidity are always a part of the banks functioning. Also to maintain proper liquidity ratios bank take several actions like selling redeemable assets, restriction of new loans, fund borrowing, issue of capital instruments, and reduction in dividends. These measures help in maintain ratios to exist above a particular level that indicate that bank responds in those conditions when its reserve ratio targets are disturbed. These ratios are derived from the regulations and liabilities that are associated with the banks functioning and put a number of obligations that has to be carried out under any circumstances. Outline the reasons why, as a matter of monetary policy, central banks control liquidity in the banking system. Central Bank is the key authority that can be held responsible for carrying out the regulatory activities. It is central bank that control credit growth and liquidity in the banking system with the help of a number of tools to make sure that a firm monetary policy is formulated and followed in the entire banking system. It takes care of the management that is involved in regulating supply of money in the entire banking system thus its regulations also helps banks in maintaining their ratios above required limit such that their reserves does not fall beyond a certain frontier. Financial sector is one of those sectors that have to be supervised by some certain entity otherwise it will result into an unregulated segment heading in an uncontrolled manner. Central Banks perform has not only taken, but also performed this duty in a highly beneficial manner for entire financial sector. Gravity of the situation can be understood from the fact that pace of a nations economy is regulated by the supply of money it is having, which in turn depends over central banks decisions. Thus central banks make an indirect contribution in the economic growth of the company through banking system that operates entirely under its control. There may be conditions when banks have high cash available with them, but injecting them without any condition in the market will not provide required return, rather it should be handled with optimum care to channelize their available resources and make sure that both banking system and markets get benefit of that availability of cash. Finally it will also help in boosting up of economy. (Central bank vows to damp excess liquidity, credit growth ) Describe briefly the method(s) used by central banks to control liquidity in the banking system. Central bank is concerned authority that puts a check over liquidity factor existing in banking sector, it follow some of the guidelines to make sure that it does not gets deviated from its track. In order to do so some of the methods followed are, It sets the bank reserve ratio that every bank has to retain with itself so as to take care of its customers at any time on their demand. Limit of this ratio may be increased or decreased based over the demand possessed by the external conditions. These conditions are reliant over highly volatile financial market thus has to be altered on a regular basis by the central bank otherwise it may result into fatality of many reputed financial institutions that will ultimately hamper functioning of national economy. (Zhiming, 2007) It also has to perform an action of liquidity management that is related to the economic adjustments which can be performed with the help of amendments in the policies that are formulated on an initial basis and applied afterwards. Applications of these policies are based over expansion of domestic consumption that finally aims at retention of economic stability. For this purpose, central bank also has to take numerous other factors into consideration that are even slightly related to the economic modifications. As economic growth is depicted by actions and regulations applied by central bank, thus it is up to central bank that whether it follow a discreet monetary policy or make some changes in its multiple monetary policy tools in order to attain a pre defined economic growth that will ultimately help in stabilizing economic health of the banking system.

Who I would take to dinner :: essays research papers

Given the opportunity to invite five people to a dinner party, I thought about what I should serve, who would be my server, and which five people I will invite. To start off this infamous dinner party I chose to have it at the Santa Barbara Hotel in California. I picked out the largest banquet room, and had it stocked with art supplies, music equipment, and various other items. I chose to serve anything and everything, sushi, watermelon, pasta, meat, liquor, etc. I chose to invite five very different people, Andy Warhol, Ross Pero, Victoria Taylor, Cheech and Chong, Ja Rule, and of course myself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of my all time favorite artists is Andy Warhol. I wanted him to be at my party to ask what inspired his whole idea of pop art and if he would do a portrait of myself and the dinner party. Warhol seems like a very emotional and mixed up person and I would just like to meet him one time to experience Warhol.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The media gives Ross Pero a bad image. An image that gives the public visualizations of his appearance. I have always wanted to see Pero in person. I want to see if his ears are really that big. I don’t want to put down his intelligence so he will also inform us of world news and anything else his mind holds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is a series of movies that these two star in, and their names are Cheech and Chong. They will liven up the atmosphere and try to get everyone to smoke marijuana. I made them something special for them to eat while they were at my party, pot leaf soup and hash brownies. I have wondered what it would be like to be Cheech and Chong to see how much of there brains were really left and marijuana they could smoke.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Victoria Taylor is my God Mother, she is my living day role model. She owns a high fashion clothing store in Portland, Oregon. I wanted her to come because she really knows how to get people going and how to have great parties. She respects different people which makes her a prime choice to come because she would not be â€Å"weirded† out by my guests.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My last guest is music artist Ja Rule. He is a rap/ hip hop artist, but his voice and appearance is really nice. I wanted him to come to my party to not only be a guest but to perform, that is what the music equipment is for.

Buy Essay Online: Comparing Homers Odyssey and Joyces Ulysses

Comparing Homer's Odyssey and Joyce's Ulysses  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay will analyze the style, genre and plots of the "Hades" episodes found in Homer's Odyssey and Joyce's Ulysses. Before entering this small treatise, it is important to understand the etymology of the word Hades, since it is the setting for both Joyce and Homer (of course in Homer's case, he was speaking of the literal aidhs and Joyce was referring to the graveyard, where Bloom attends the funeral of Paddy Dignam and "broods about the death of his only son ").   Homer's use of the word Hades   was to refer to the abode of the dead or the unseen nether world; where we find Odysseus searching for Tiresias, to find out how to return to Ithaca safely.   The Homeric Hades is not the modern view of Hell, mentioned in the Old and New Testaments.   In fact, C.S. says   "In real Pagan belief, Hades was hardly worth talking about; a world of shadows, of decay.   Homer . . . represents the ghosts [in Hades] as witless.   They gibber meaninglessly until some li ving man gives them sacrificial blood to drink. "   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comparing the style: Objective vs. Existential    Eight months prior to the first publication of Ulysses , Joyce penned: "If you want to read Ulysses you had better first get or borrow from a library a translation in prose of the Odyssey of Homer. " Joyce's recommendation is a must in order to get the full meaning of his work.   A good commentary    would also be found useful in exegesis.   Most people, ". . . opening Ulysses at random are easily scarecrowed away by the first shock of [its] queer mixture of vulgar slang and metaphysical obscurity. " I must admit that my first reading of Ulysses   was horrifying.   I am a lover of the western class... ...oehrich, Rolf. The Secret of Ulysses. (Folcroft, PA: Folcroft Press, 1969)    Schutte, William, "An Index of Recurrent Elements in Ulysses: "Hades". James    Joyce Quarterly. Spring 1977: (Vol. XIV, No. 3)    Skeat, Walter. Concise Dictionary of English Etymology. (Great Britain:Wordsword, 1993)    Smith, William. Wordsworth Classical Dictionary. (London: Wordsworth Editions, 1996)    Smith, Paul. A Key to the Ulysses of James Joyce. (New York: Covici Friede, 1934)    Thornton, Weldon. Allusions in Ulysses. (North Carolina: UNC Press, 1968)    The student may wish to begin the paper with the following quote:    "I hold this book [Ulysses] to be the most important expression which the present age has found; it is a book to which we are all indebted, and from which none of us can escape. "         Ã‚   T.S.   Elliot Buy Essay Online: Comparing Homer's Odyssey and Joyce's Ulysses Comparing Homer's Odyssey and Joyce's Ulysses  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay will analyze the style, genre and plots of the "Hades" episodes found in Homer's Odyssey and Joyce's Ulysses. Before entering this small treatise, it is important to understand the etymology of the word Hades, since it is the setting for both Joyce and Homer (of course in Homer's case, he was speaking of the literal aidhs and Joyce was referring to the graveyard, where Bloom attends the funeral of Paddy Dignam and "broods about the death of his only son ").   Homer's use of the word Hades   was to refer to the abode of the dead or the unseen nether world; where we find Odysseus searching for Tiresias, to find out how to return to Ithaca safely.   The Homeric Hades is not the modern view of Hell, mentioned in the Old and New Testaments.   In fact, C.S. says   "In real Pagan belief, Hades was hardly worth talking about; a world of shadows, of decay.   Homer . . . represents the ghosts [in Hades] as witless.   They gibber meaninglessly until some li ving man gives them sacrificial blood to drink. "   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comparing the style: Objective vs. Existential    Eight months prior to the first publication of Ulysses , Joyce penned: "If you want to read Ulysses you had better first get or borrow from a library a translation in prose of the Odyssey of Homer. " Joyce's recommendation is a must in order to get the full meaning of his work.   A good commentary    would also be found useful in exegesis.   Most people, ". . . opening Ulysses at random are easily scarecrowed away by the first shock of [its] queer mixture of vulgar slang and metaphysical obscurity. " I must admit that my first reading of Ulysses   was horrifying.   I am a lover of the western class... ...oehrich, Rolf. The Secret of Ulysses. (Folcroft, PA: Folcroft Press, 1969)    Schutte, William, "An Index of Recurrent Elements in Ulysses: "Hades". James    Joyce Quarterly. Spring 1977: (Vol. XIV, No. 3)    Skeat, Walter. Concise Dictionary of English Etymology. (Great Britain:Wordsword, 1993)    Smith, William. Wordsworth Classical Dictionary. (London: Wordsworth Editions, 1996)    Smith, Paul. A Key to the Ulysses of James Joyce. (New York: Covici Friede, 1934)    Thornton, Weldon. Allusions in Ulysses. (North Carolina: UNC Press, 1968)    The student may wish to begin the paper with the following quote:    "I hold this book [Ulysses] to be the most important expression which the present age has found; it is a book to which we are all indebted, and from which none of us can escape. "         Ã‚   T.S.   Elliot

Culture in Organization

What do you see as the main organizational problems that are likely to be associated with implementation of a transnational strategy? The transnational strategy is an international marketing method that â€Å"seeks to combine the benefits of global-scale efficiencies with the benefits of local responsiveness† rather than settling for the limitations of either strategy. The transnational strategy also strives for local responsiveness and external flexibility within the foreign subsidiaries at the cost of integration.The transnational strategy creates a mutually dependent relationship between the central hub and foreign subsidiaries, thereby empowering both worlds. The strategy also becomes difficult to implement due to its conflicting nature. Most firms find it difficult to implement transnational strategy. In the long run, almost all firms want to include some elements of localized decision-making because each country has its own eccentric characteristics. For example, very fe w people in Japan prefer a computer that includes English-language keyboard. Another example would be how Coca-cola differentiates its ingredients for each country.Consumers in US prefer sweeter coca-cola while Chinese consumers prefer less sugar. There are several issues associated with implementing transnational strategy. Organizational issues include: Cultural differences, Language barriers, Geographic barriers, technical challenges and sound knowledge of local market. Implementation difficulties include communication issues, trust issues, multiple roles, flexibility and cultural issues, among many others. For example, with GM, some European operations may need to collaborate with operations in Latin America.Significant performance ambiguities may occur with transnational strategies. A way to address these challenges is with a very strong culture and many integrating mechanisms. I personally believe that handling the technical challenges would be the most critical of all challeng es. While, information technology and improvements in global telecommunications are giving international firms more flexibility to shape their global strategies, not many managers are willing to adapt to the change. The IT systems department needs to be up to date and should be unctioning smoothly at all times. The advances in communication technology coupled with the authority and affordability of information technology, has transformed the way companies conduct business both nationally and internationally. The affordability of these technologies has allowed smaller companies to compete in markets dominated by large companies as well as compete in progressing and new markets. As the technology has progressed, businesses have also gradually engaged in international business as the tools and opportunities have been presented.Transnational operations can provide organizations with many advantages in several different levels, and if managed correctly, the organizations can offset the p ossible problematic aspects that exist, providing these organizations with an optimized structure that can transform the business into a successful company operating globally. Disadvantages are if not properly accounted for and controlled, transnational operations can present several aspects that can negatively affect an organization.Among these aspects are technological infrastructure of the foreign nation, political and economic stability, cultural difference, and technical knowledge. Understanding the particulars and differences of the foreign nation is fundamental to the success of business conducted in an international environment. Not every country has access to the technological infrastructure enjoyed by most first and second world countries. Also, not all business segments may have access to highly efficient communication networks or infrastructure. The price of such services may be disproportionate and out of the reach of most small businesses.For example, India still does not have Internet facilities everywhere and cost for using them is exorbitant. Traditionally, technological innovations in developing nations are significantly higher in price and, in terms of communication infrastructure, also less reliable. Even when readily available, the local service levels may be below the standards that the organization requires. Given that optimal communication and efficient communication channels are essential to the success of international business, the infrastructure available needs to e clearly understood and alternatives to account for communication must be in place prior to the commencement of business operations in the foreign nation. Problems in infrastructure can lead to difficulty in the transfer of work or meeting project deadlines and can lead to quality issues. Another major difficulty of the transnational operation is to design an organizational form that is capable of being efficient and responsive, and which enables the transfer of knowledge across locations.In addition to the basic structural issues in designing a global organization, a company must decide to what extent: decision making should be held in a few key centers (centralized) or distributed to a large number of business units (decentralized). According to me, decisions should be made at both a centralized and decentralized level depending on the company’s needs. There needs to be a mix of informal and formal integrating mechanisms. Differences in culture can present several issues.If not managed properly, these issues can turn into major disadvantages. An atmosphere where there is a respect towards local customs needs to be established and simple actions such as having an understanding of local holidays, cultural customs, religious traditions, and language variances can make the organization have a corporate culture that transcends borders. Finally, transnational organizations have the inherent advantages of flexibility, diversity, global market reac h, and efficient cost structures, among several others.Even though several disadvantages have been presented, the commodization of bandwidth technology and the globalization trends of economies and politics are driving companies to meet an ever-expanding global market. As these tendencies continue, fueled by the expansion in use and popularity of global communications, the disadvantages will be reduced at a similar pace. While issues such as quality of work and service levels that have traditionally plagued international corporations, the evolution of technologies and the experience gained from transnational operations are also vastly improving these areas and thinning the negative view.

Sand Dust Storm in China

Global Conference on Natural Disasters | Sand dust storm in China | Focus on China | | Contents 1. 0 Introduction2 2. 0 Sand Dust Storm in China2 2. 1 Definition2 2. 2 Location2 2. 3 When did it happen? 2 2. 4 What caused the event? 2 2. 5 What areas were affected? 2 3. 0 Effects and Damage of Sand Dust Storm2 3. 1 Short and long term effects2 3. 2 Extent of the Damage2 4. 0 Historic Records and Extent of effects of Sand Dust Storm2 4. 1 Historic Records of Sand Dust Storm in Beijing2 4. 2 Main damage ways of Sand Dust Storm2 4. 3 Damage of Sand Dust Storm2 . 0 Prevention and Positive effects of Sand Dust Storm2 5. 1 Causes of Sand Dust storm2 5. 2 Prevention2 5. 3 Positive outcomes from the disaster2 6. 0 The End2 Conclusion2 Recommendations2 Reference list2 1. 0 Introduction This report is authorised by the attending of a global conference on natural disasters. It focuses on one of main problems of China and uses a descriptive statistical method to analyse the historical overview o f global natural disasters to ascertain the influence of sand dust storm on China. 2. 0 Sand Dust Storm in China 2. Definition â€Å"A sand storm is basically a wind storm that carries sand through the air, forming a relatively low cloud near the ground† (Coenraads 2006, 234). â€Å"Most sandstorms occur in the sandy areas of deserts. Some occur on beaches; dry riverbeds; or deposits of gravel, sand, and silt called alluvial fans† (Dirks 2010, 110). â€Å"Dust storms form in semi-arid and arid regions where small dust and sand particles are blown into the air† (Coenraads 2006, 234). â€Å"A dust storm may occur hundreds of miles and rise to a height of more than 305 meters.It carries as much as 875 metric tons of dust particles per cubic kilometre of air† (Dirks 2010, 392). 2. 2 Location Strong dust storms hit Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Hong Kong and Taiwan. (2010 China drought and dust storms 2010) 2. 3 W hen did it happen? It happened on March 22, 2010. (2010 China drought and dust storms 2010) 2. 4 What caused the event? Beijing meteorological offices director GuoHu said, â€Å"This influence of Beijing's dust source is in Mongolia and in middle Inner Mongolia region.The dust was wafted from thousands of meters altitude by the conveying of strong winds. From the perspective of meteorology, this is unstoppable climate phenomena† (Xinhua NET 2010). 2. 5 What areas were affected? The other areas were affected where were â€Å"South Korea, North Korea and Japan by March 22, before being carried across the Pacific Ocean by the jet stream, with some dust reaching the West Coast of the United States† (2010 China drought and dust storms 2010). 3. 0 Effects and Damage of Sand Dust Storm 3. 1 Short and long term effects â€Å"The dust storm in late March spiralled around a strong low pressure system.Many areas recorded an extremely rare level 5 â€Å"hazardous† rating f or air quality. Many flights in Beijing were also delayed or cancelled. Air pollution readings in Hong Kong reached a record high, reaching at least 15 times the recommended maximum levels by the World Health Organization. Taiwan also reported a new record for worst sandstorm conditions. A strong sandstorm tore through Turpan in Xinjiang on April 23, sparking fires that killed two people and forcing a shutdown of rail and road traffic for six hours† (2010 China drought and dust storms 2010). . 2 Extent of the Damage According to the news releases of the state forestry administration desertification monitoring centre of China on March 28 2010, Extent of the Damage of Sand Dust Storm affected 304 counties of 11 provinces and the air of 6 key cities was severely Polluted. The affected area is about 1. 20 square kilometres, the affected population is about 70 million people, and cultivated land area was affected more than 6. 4 million hectares, garden area was more than 1. million hectares, grassland area was more than 65 million hectares. (2010 new composition in the exams preparation material: climate and environment 2010) 4. 0 Historic Records and Extent of effects of Sand Dust Storm 4. 1 Historic Records of Sand Dust Storm in Beijing Sand Dust Storm does not only appear in the present times, it has already appeared since ancient times. The Sand Dust Storm has appeared since 1425 in Beijing. It normally mainly appeared in Beijing from January to April in Chinese calendar. The probability is 83. 6%. It has appeared almost annually since 2000. (Dr. Mars 2010) 4. 2 Main damage ways of Sand Dust Storm Firstly it is the strong wind. The strong wind uses sand and dust to destroy buildings and public facilities and cause the casualties of people and livestock. Secondly it is sand buried. The wind-drift sand causes a lot of events they are farmland, channel, cottages, railway and pasture were sand buried, and especially cause serious threat for transportation. Th e third way is wind erosion, and the last way is air pollution. Dr. Mars 2010) 4. 3 Damage of Sand Dust Storm The sand dust storm mainly causes 5 results. They are ecological environment deterioration, damage of production and life, losses of lives and property, damage traffic safety and harm to human health. (Dr. Mars 2010) 5. 0 Prevention and Positive effects of Sand Dust Storm 5. 1 Causes of Sand Dust storm The causes of sand dust storm might be degeneration of grassland and vegetation and excessive reclamation. 5. 2 Prevention The Sand Dust Storm has not been prevented yet.Beijing meteorological offices director GuoHu said,† As long as the sediment sources exist, sandstorm will not disappear† (Xinhua NET 2010). 5. 3 Positive outcomes from the disaster Although there is much harm of sandstorm, but the whole process of sandstorm is a part of natural ecosystem. It can slow the damage of greenhouse effect and slow the acid rain or soil acidification. (TT Aixuan 2010) 6. 0 The End Conclusion The sand dust storm is caused by degeneration of grassland and vegetation and excessive reclamation.Although it is a part of natural ecosystem, it causes lots of damages like: ecological environment deterioration, damage of production and life, losses of lives and property, damage traffic safety and harm to human health. We should try to prevent it with the ways like establish forecast system of sandstorm and improve environmental governance and environmental protection. Recommendations From this research report, we can find a nature rule that is if human cannot protect earth and make the ecological balance ourselves; earth will use its own way to make the balance.But here is a problem that is normally the method of earth uses is more harmful for human than our own way. Reference list 2010 China drought and dust storms. 2010. Wikipedia. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2010_China_drought_and_dust_storms#cite_note-21 (accessed November 24, 2010). 2010 new compositi on in the exams preparation material: climate and environment. 2010. http://peng99. com/zuowen/Article/2852_2. shtml (accessed November 25, 2010). Coenraads, R. 2006. Natural disasters and how we cope. Victoria: The Five Mile Press. Dirks, A. 2010. Dust storm in The World Book Encyclopedia.Vol. 5. Chicago: World Book. Dirks, A. 2010. Sandstorm in The World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 17. Chicago: World Book. Dr. Mars. 2010. Beijing sand dust storm. http://baike. baidu. com/view/3381041. htm (accessed November 26, 2010). TT Aixuan. 2010. Sand duststorm. Bai Du Encyclopedia. http://baike. baidu. com/view/2097. htm (accessed November 24, 2010). Xinhua NET. 2010. Meteorological experts: as long as the sediment sources exist, Beijing sandstorms will not disappear. http://news. sina. com. cn/c/2010-03-20/114119905302. shtml (accessed November 26, 2010).

Advertising and promotion of Galaxy chocolate Essay

Advertising and promotion of Galaxy chocolate - Essay Example mers. Marketing further involves selling, advertising as well as bring products to the people. PROCESS FOR THE FORMULATION OF A BUDGET FOR AN INTEGRATED PROMOTIONAL STRATEGY The first process in formulation of an integrated promotion budget entails objectives setting.Whereby, decision makers should determine the current and future of an organisation and integrate those goals in budget formulation.The second process entails determination of organization resources.This means that financial resources,assets and liabilities of a business should be taken into account when formulating a budget for promotion of galaxy Chocolate.The third process entails projection of company future needs.This can be done by looking on the company’s future data and projecting on the company’s future needs.Under this stage, the company may consider the four marketing mix namely 4p’s,meaning; product,price,promotion and place.The fourth process involves seeking approval of the formulated b udget from the budgeting committee. While the fifth process of formulating a budget for an integrated promotion entails distribution of the approved funds. Finally the last process may entail evaluation and monitoring of whether the approved budget is being utilized appropriate in promotion of galaxy chocolate (Richard, paras.2-8). DEVELOPMENT OF A PROMOTIONAL PLAN FOR GALAXY CHOCOLATE The plan shall include tools and techniques that will be utilized in promotion of galaxy chocolate. In addition, this plan will incorporate a promotion budget as well as adjustments that will be made in order to cope with product cycle adjustments. Some of the tools and techniques that will be utilized include; Advertisement tools such T.V shows, bill boards, news papers and magazines. On the other hand, promotion tools such as free gift will be given as well as use of personal selling. The estimated budget for promotion and advertisement is estimated to be $12000 per month. The adjustment that will b e put at the decline stage of the product will include phase withdrawal as well finding a niche market to exploit the available opportunities (Pride, William and Ferrell, p.78). INTEGRATION OF PROMOTIONAL TECHNIQUES INTO THE PROMOTIONAL STRATEGY FOR GALAXY CHOCOLATE There are various forms of promotion/advertisement techniques that may be utilized in promotion of galaxy chocolate produc

The Motivating Factors in the French Wars of Religion Essay

The Motivating Factors in the French Wars of Religion - Essay Example The essay "The Motivating Factors in the French Wars of Religion" discusses the socio-political situation created by the French Was of Religion in order to identify and interpret the traits of change in terms of human consciousness in every aspect of existence. The French Revolution though is considered as the most radical incident in the context of France’s social history, however, the background of the change was gradually being prepared for the early 16th century and the outbreak of the French Wars of Religion can be considered as one of the most important indications of the change. Though recognized as the Wars of Religion, however, in reality, they were actually French civil wars and religion became a driving engine. It has further been observed that â€Å"†¦ religion was not the only factor that contributed to the French Civil wars. Towns and provinces, which had long resisted the growing power of monarchical centralization, were only too willing to join the revolt against the monarchy. This was also true for the nobility, and the fact that so many of them were Calvinists created an important base of opposition to the crown. The French Wars of Religion presented a major constitutional crisis for France and temporarily halted the development of the French centralized state. The claim to a person’s loyalties by the ruling dynasty was temporarily suspended by loyalty to one’s religious beliefs†. The spread of Protestantism in the 16th century was considered by the French empires as a matter of a serious concern.

Comfort Theory in PACU Settings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comfort Theory in PACU Settings - Essay Example This paper illustrates that Ms.Donald writes that in her practical settings, she identifies the individual needs of each patient and implements appropriate nursing interventions which add to the holistic approach of Kolcaba’s theory. Patients have implicit and explicit comfort needs that, when met, strengthen them and motivate them to perform better in therapy, rehabilitation, and learning/adhering to new health regimens. A post-anesthesia patient has certain un-met needs which may hinder his/her recovery. These needs are not met by either the family or the health center but are imperative for the patient’s recovery. This is where Kolcaba’s nursing theory establishes itself. The nursing staff is required to identify the needs and the wants of the patients and comfort the patient in every way possible. Comfort has a different meaning to each being, thus the nursing intervention should also be implemented accordingly. In Ms.Donald’s PACU settings, she interv enes by listening to her patient and reassuring them, in this way she meets the psychospiritual need of her patients. PACU patients have several problems. These patients who have been through complex surgical procedures or other treatments may suffer from physical, pain, nausea, environmental discomfort, homeostatic imbalance on the physical and environmental level while the detractors of their psycho-spirituality maybe feelings of fear, anxiety and other negative attitudes. While environmental and physical ones are relatively easier to trace and address the other comfort forms have to understand properly. Ms.Donald applies the â€Å"coaching† intervention described in the Comfort theory. The Comfort theory suggests that the patient’s wants and needs can be met by anyone and not necessarily the healthcare staff.